Phenibut was developed, tested and prescribed in the Soviet Union for roughly thirty years before Western medicine took an interest in it. That work was published in Russian, and English-language reviews have largely set it aside — Penzak and Bulloch retrieved 270 records for their 2024 review and excluded 162 of them on language grounds. This page indexes what is recoverable.
What this page is
A bibliography, not a body of evidence. Every entry below is a real, PubMed-indexed record with an English abstract, retrieved by a reproducible query and linked to its primary source. Nothing here is a treatment recommendation, a human-use instruction, or a claim of efficacy. Several of these papers report findings that are unflattering to Phenibut.
Reproducible PubMed queryRe-run the exact search that produced this index
NRS Research LibraryThe English-language indexed literature
NRS Research LibraryThe English-language indexed literature
Read this before reading the literature
In 2001 the Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry published a methodological audit of itself. Zorin and Nemtsov, of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, found that only 15.1% of reviewed articles in that journal met criteria of scientific rigour, and only 7.4% in Social and Clinical Psychiatry. Their stated reason was the absence of adequate methodological description, which made scientific validity impossible to judge.
The Korsakov Journal is the single most important venue in this literature: Khaunina and Lapin’s clinical review appeared there, as did Gol’dblat and Lapin’s trial. So the base rate matters. “There are 179 Russian papers” is not the same as “there are 179 papers’ worth of evidence.” Read every entry below against that finding.
The corpus, in numbers
| Measure | Value |
|---|---|
| PubMed-indexed Russian-language records | 179 |
| Publication span | 1964–2024 |
| Years of continuous literature | 60 |
| Randomised controlled trials among them | 0 |
By decade
| Decade | Records |
|---|---|
| 1960s | 2 |
| 1970s | 2 |
| 1980s | 63 |
| 1990s | 36 |
| 2000s | 26 |
| 2010s | 40 |
| 2020s | 10 |
Principal journals
| Journal | Records |
|---|---|
| Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 38 |
| Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 37 |
| Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 24 |
| Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 23 |
| Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 8 |
| Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 7 |
| Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 4 |
| Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina | 3 |
The founding papers
R. A. Khaunina, at the Bekhterev Institute’s Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, did the pharmacology that turned a synthesised molecule into a drug. English-language accounts routinely credit Perekalin with the synthesis and omit her entirely. Her work is indexed and retrievable today.
| Year | Record | Why it matters | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Tranquilizing effects of β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (Fenigam) | The first publication on Phenibut’s psychoactivity | 14162373 |
| 1964 | Effect of β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid on the central action of pharmacological agents | Companion paper, same year | 14193102 |
| 1986 | Phenibut potentiation of the therapeutic action of antiparkinson agents | Gol’dblat & Lapin. One of very few candidate clinical studies in the entire corpus; WHO characterised it as a small open-label trial | 3776387 |
| 1989 | Use of fenibut in psychiatry and neurology and its place among other psychotropic drugs | Khaunina & Lapin’s comprehensive clinical review, twenty-five years into clinical use | 2665399 |
What the Soviet literature recorded first
The Western clinical literature treats Phenibut dependence as a recent discovery driven by internet sales. The Russian record does not support that framing.
| Year | Finding | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Gusel’ — Peripheral mechanism of the phenomenon of fenibut habituation. Habituation to Phenibut was described in the Soviet literature roughly three decades before the Western case reports | 6108239 |
| 1986 | Danilin — effect of fenibut on nocturnal sleep in patients with the alcohol abstinence syndrome | 3705831 |
| 1987 | Zharkovskiĭ — antiabstinent action of fenibut and baclofen on an experimental abstinence model. The Phenibut–baclofen relationship that dominates modern withdrawal management was already being examined in 1987 | 3036269 |
| 2000 | Belozertseva — effect of GABA-positive agents on the formation of morphine dependence | 10763104 |
Soviet space medicine
The “cosmonaut drug” story is repeated everywhere and sourced almost nowhere. Three records in Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina, the Soviet space-medicine journal, are indexed. They establish that Phenibut was studied in that setting. They are not, on their own, proof of any particular flight manifest, and the frequently repeated Gagarin version is chronologically impossible.
| Year | Record | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | Bogatova — effect of certain pharmacologic preparations and lighting setups on human work capacity | 7218758 |
| 1983 | Petrova — Effect of fenibut on orthostatic resistance | 6620963 |
| 1990 | Mikhaĭlichenko — neuropharmacological reactivity of the body exposed to extreme factors | 1981378 |
Complete index — all 179 records
Sorted by year. Every PMID links to the primary record and its English abstract.
| Year | First author | Title | Journal | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | KHAUNINA RA | Effect of beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid on the central action of pharmacological preparations | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 14193102 |
| 1964 | KHAUNINA RA | Tranquilizing effects of beta-phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (fenigam) | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 14162373 |
| 1975 | Kovalev GV | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and phenibut on the central links of the vascular reflexes with chemo- and mechanoreceptors of the aorto-carotid zone | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 1191772 |
| 1979 | Allikmets LKh | Dopaminergic component in the mechanism of action of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivatives and structural analogs | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 499466 |
| 1980 | Gusel' VA | Peripheral mechanism of the phenomenon of fenibut habituation | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6108239 |
| 1980 | Erofeev NP | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its analogs on the smooth muscle of veins | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 7397349 |
| 1980 | Nurmand LB | Effect of structural analogs of gamma-aminobutyric acid on serotonin- and dopaminergic mechanisms | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 7449968 |
| 1980 | Raevskiĭ KS | Effect of GABA-ergic substances on the conditioned avoidance reaction in rats | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 7449967 |
| 1980 | Tolpyshev BA | Influence of GABA-ergic substances on the effects of caudate nucleus stimulation and fenamin stereotyping in cats | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 7002589 |
| 1981 | Vasar EE | Selective effect of morphine and diazepam on aggressiveness caused by prolonged administration of apomorphine to rats | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 7198057 |
| 1981 | Raevskiĭ KS | Neurochemical aspects of the pharmacology of GABAergic substances | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6273211 |
| 1981 | Morozov IS | Determination of the corrective properties of midantan in disorders of rat operant activity caused by different classes of tranquilizing agent | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6118289 |
| 1981 | Petukhov VV | Use of surviving hippocampal slices to test drugs related to the gamma-aminobutyric acid system | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 7286185 |
| 1981 | Ryzhov IV | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its derivatives on convulsions induced by L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6456152 |
| 1981 | Bogatova RI | Effect of certain pharamcologic preparations and different lighting setups on human work capacity | Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina | 7218758 |
| 1982 | Kovalev GI | Presynaptic component in the mechanism of fenibut action | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 7150741 |
| 1982 | Riago LK | Fenibut binding with bicuculline-insensitive GABA receptors in the rat brain | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6295522 |
| 1982 | Allikmets LKh | Effect of the GABA receptor blockader bicuculline on the action of fenibut and diazepam | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6284283 |
| 1983 | Riago LK | Effect of multiple daily administration of fenibut and diazepam on GABA and benzodiazepine receptors in the mouse brain | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6140966 |
| 1983 | Kresiun VI | Disorders in brain levels of macroergic substances during chronic stress and their correction by psychotropic agents | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6684488 |
| 1983 | Skibitskiĭ VV | Effect of phenibut and eglonyl on frequency of tachyarrhythmia paroxysms and central hemodynamics in patients with neurocirculatory dystonia | Vrach Delo | 6636674 |
| 1983 | Petrova EB | Effect of fenibut on orthostatic resistance | Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina | 6620963 |
| 1983 | Kovalev GV | Effect of tranquilizers on myocardial function in stress injury | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6861987 |
| 1983 | Lapin IP | Convulsions induced by kynurenine and quinolinic acid as a sensitive test for assessing the anticonvulsant activity of GABA-ergic preparations | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6299432 |
| 1983 | Gol'dblat IuV | Fenibut electrophoresis as a treatment method in muscle spasticity of central origin | Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult | 6868467 |
| 1983 | Praznikov VP | Cholinergic and GABA-ergic mechanisms of motor reaction regulation in rats during the early postnatal period | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6131709 |
| 1983 | Tiurenkov IN | Hemodynamic mechanism of the hypotensive action of beta-phenyl-GABA esters (phenibut) | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6825820 |
| 1983 | Kovalev GV | Effect of tranquilizers on the course of myocardial ischemia and on myocardial resistance to hypoxia in coronary artery occlusion | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6825816 |
| 1984 | Kresiun VI | Mg2+-ATPase activity of brain mitochondria fractions in chronic stress and its correction by psychotropic agents | Ukr Biokhim Zh (1978) | 6151270 |
| 1984 | Novikov VE | Effect of benzodiazepine and GABA derivatives on the energy metabolism indices in brain edema | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6145621 |
| 1984 | Ostrovskaia RU | Nootropic properties of gamma-aminobutyric acid derivatives | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 6538101 |
| 1984 | Kovaleva EL | Comparative characteristics of the nootropic action of fenibut and fepiron | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6705902 |
| 1984 | Novikov VE | Pharmacological correction of traumatic brain edema | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 6142833 |
| 1985 | Sizov PI | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid, its agonists and antagonists on uterine smooth muscle | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 2998506 |
| 1985 | Shul'gina GI | Effect of a derivative of GABA, phenibut, on behavior and the activity of visual cortex neurons of the rabbit during elaboration of a defensive reflex and internal inhibition | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 4050110 |
| 1985 | Komissarov SI | Nonopiate subarachnoid analgesia induced by GABA-positive substances | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 4043365 |
| 1985 | Lapin IP | Differences and similarity in the interaction of fenibut, baclofen and diazepam with phenylethylamine | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 4043364 |
| 1985 | Abramets II | Effect of fenibut on the GABA B receptors of the spinal motor neurons | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 2861865 |
| 1985 | Komissarov IV | Ionic mechanisms of the effects of phenibut and GABA unrelated to changes in the function of chloride channels | Neirofiziologiia | 2995847 |
| 1985 | Iasnetsov VS | The GABA-ergic system and brain edema | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 2857099 |
| 1986 | Tiurenkov IN | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs on the brain GABA-ergic system participating in cardiovascular regulation | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3028859 |
| 1986 | Kovalev GI | Effects of pharmacological substances structurally close to gamma-aminobutyric acid on the synthesis, metabolism and membrane transport systems in the cerebral cortex of rats in vitro | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3758322 |
| 1986 | Gusel' VA | Effect of GABA-positive substances on the primary and mirror epileptogenic foci in the hippocampus of rats | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 2873055 |
| 1986 | Sytinskiĭ IA | Alcoholic intoxication and the gamma-aminobutyric acid system of the brain in exposure to pantogam and fenibut | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3709782 |
| 1986 | Gracheva SV | Effect of fenibut on cardiac hemodynamics in experimental hypertension from the aspect of age | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3709776 |
| 1986 | Abramets II | Possible general mechanism of the presynaptic action of mediators | Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR | 2869927 |
| 1986 | Gol'dblat IuV | Phenibut potentiation of the therapeutic action of antiparkinson agents | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 3776387 |
| 1986 | Danilin VP | Effect of fenibut on the nocturnal sleep of patients with the alcoholic abstinence syndrome | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 3705831 |
| 1986 | Petrova TR | Clinico-hemodynamic effects of psychotropic preparations and psychosomatic correlations in cardiac rhythm disorders | Ter Arkh | 2435014 |
| 1987 | Kovalev GV | Role of the GABAergic system in the mechanism of the stress-regulating action of phenibut | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 3676496 |
| 1987 | Burov IuV | Normalizing effect of GABA derivatives on late behavioral disorders occurring in rats with early postnatal suppression of protein synthesis | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3666111 |
| 1987 | Zharkovskiĭ AM | Antiabstinent action of fenibut and baclofen on a model of abstinence induced by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist CGS 8216 in rats receiving diazepam | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 3036269 |
| 1987 | Skibitskiĭ VV | Differential psychopharmacotherapy of heart rhythm disorders | Kardiologiia | 3656892 |
| 1987 | Voronina TA | Dissociation of the anti-amnesic and antihypoxic effects of nootropic and antihypoxic preparations | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3609269 |
| 1987 | Prikhozhan AV | Effect of psychotropic substances and gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs and derivatives on the release of 3H-D-aspartic acid from perfused synaptosomes of the rat cerebral cortex | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3556541 |
| 1988 | Sizov PI | Effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid and its agonists on uterine contractile activity | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3191975 |
| 1988 | Talalaenko AN | Characteristics of the anxiolytic action of benzodiazepine and GABA derivatives on experimentally modelled anxiety states | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 2903833 |
| 1988 | Shul'gina GI | Effect of piracetam on the neuronal activity of the neocortex and on behavior in rabbits during learning | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 3188641 |
| 1988 | Kozlovskiĭ VL | Experimental study of the antiepileptic activity of fenibut and its combinations with sodium valproate and aminooxyacetic acid | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 3137090 |
| 1988 | Karlov VA | Pathogenetic therapy of trigeminal neuralgia | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 3414249 |
| 1988 | Gorokhov EA | Fenibut treatment of a vascular lesion of the vestibular analyzer | Sov Med | 3264422 |
| 1988 | Komissarov IV | Harmanes allosterically modulate serotonin receptors of IA type | Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR | 3229313 |
| 1989 | Talalaenko AN | A pharmacological analysis of the anxiolytic action of derivations of benzodiazepine, GABA and beta-carboline in various tests of tension reaction | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 2576232 |
| 1989 | Filimonov VG | Effect of fenibut and seduxen on fetal development in the second half of pregnancy | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 2806525 |
| 1989 | Volkov AE | Effect of fenibut on the fetus and newborn infant after the treatment of gestoses | Akush Ginekol (Mosk) | 2742068 |
| 1989 | Abramets II | Analysis of the nature of responses of neurons of rat spinal ganglia evoked by the activation of GABA-B receptors | Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova | 2547667 |
| 1989 | Khaunina RA | Use of fenibut in psychiatry and neurology and its place among other psychotropic drugs (review of the literature) | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 2665399 |
| 1990 | Mikhaĭlichenko PP | Neuropharmacological reactivity of the body exposed to extreme factors: the effect of radiation | Kosmicheskaya Biologiya i Aviakosmicheskaya Meditsina | 1981378 |
| 1990 | Bul'on VV | The effect of GABA-ergic agents on the development of a neurogenic stomach lesion in rats | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 1964607 |
| 1990 | Sizov PI | The participation of the GABA-A and GABA-B receptors in the mechanism of the inhibition of the contractile activity in the rabbit myometrium under the influence of GABA, AOAA and fenibut | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 1964606 |
| 1990 | Iasnetsov VS | Comparison of the antioxidative activity of fenibut, fentolamin and ionol | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 2253749 |
| 1991 | Lapin IP | The anxiogenic activity of phenylethylamine in the social isolation test on mice | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 1804703 |
| 1991 | Novikov VE | The effect of GABA-ergic agents on oxidative phosphorylation in the brain mitochondria in traumatic edema | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 1804695 |
| 1991 | Karkishchenko NN | The adequacy of a new method for assessing the vestibular protective effect of biologically active substances | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 1800137 |
| 1991 | Mishunina TM | The effect of GABA-ergic preparations on the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in patients with Itsenko-Cushing disease | Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) | 1664951 |
| 1991 | Sheveleva GA | Experimental study of the effects of fenibut and seduxen on fetal development in the last third of pregnancy | Akush Ginekol (Mosk) | 1897678 |
| 1991 | Skoromnyĭ NA | Changes in the cerebral hemodynamics under the influence of piracetam and fenibut during motion sickness | Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya | 1884788 |
| 1992 | Novikov VE | The effect of GABA-ergic agents on the blood electrolyte balance in acute craniocerebral trauma | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 1458172 |
| 1992 | Sizov PI | Action of GABA-positive preparations on uterus-stimulating effects of activating neuromediators, prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 1391897 |
| 1992 | Lapin IP | The absence of reproducible effects from anxiolytics and anxiogens on the behavior of different strains of mice in a dark-light chamber | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 1363941 |
| 1993 | Vasil'ev PV | Pharmacological agents for the correction of the processes of work capacity rehabilitation in flight personnel | Voen Med Zh | 8146970 |
| 1993 | Sapegin ID | The effect of pikamilon and fenibut on the blood supply of the brain at rest and under gravitational exposures | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 8324468 |
| 1994 | Talalaenko AN | The neurochemical mechanisms of the central amygdaloid nucleus and the anxiolytic action of tranquilizers in different models of anxiety states | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 7879435 |
| 1994 | Sergeev PV | Experimental basis for clinical study of GABA-positive substances in a threatened pregnancy | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 7919270 |
| 1994 | Bul'on VV | The effect of neurotropic agents on lipid peroxidation in the heart and stomach with neurogenic lesions | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 8049619 |
| 1994 | Novikov VE | The effect of fenibut on the ultrastructure of the brain mitochondria in traumatic edema and swelling | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 8205040 |
| 1995 | Novikov VE | A pharmacological analysis of the antiedematous action of GABA-ergic and opioidergic agents in craniocerebral trauma | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 8704619 |
| 1995 | Lapin IP | The influence of the GABA-B receptor antagonists 2-hydoxysaclofen and faclofen on the sedative effect of fenibut and baclofen | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 8704585 |
| 1995 | Tarakanov IA | The effect of phenibut on formation of respiratory rhythm | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 8589384 |
| 1997 | Lapin IP | GABA-ergic system in defense against excitatory kynurenines | Vopr Med Khim | 9503572 |
| 1997 | Belozertseva IV | A pharmaco-ethological study of the GABA-ergic mechanisms regulating the depression-like behavior of mice | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 9472168 |
| 1997 | Tarakanov IA | The loss of sensitivity of the respiratory system to carbon dioxide during activation of GABAergic brain structures | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 9190175 |
| 1997 | Talalaenko AN | Neurochemical analysis of the amygdala basolateral nucleus of rats during anxiety tests | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 12436687 |
| 1997 | Sergeev PV | Fenibut and fenazepam as potential protectors of pregnancy with a GABA-ergic mechanism of action | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 9206566 |
| 1997 | Tarakanov IA | Sensitivity of the respiratory system to oxygen during activation of brain GABAergic structures | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 9162230 |
| 1997 | Makarov VI | Experimental bases of the use of pharmacologic agents aimed at higher heat resistance of humans as means of individual protection | Med Tr Prom Ekol | 9235216 |
| 1997 | Makarov VI | The enhancement of human thermal resistance by the single use of bemitil and fenibut | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 9162292 |
| 1998 | Lapin IP | The pharmacological differences between kynurenine- and korazol-induced seizures (the participation of GABA-B receptors and dopamine) | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 9621167 |
| 1998 | Ogluzdina MV | Effect of phenyl derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid phenybut on autorhythmic contractile activity of the portal vein | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 9612864 |
| 1998 | Makarov VI | Effect of phenibut, obsidan and their combination on the human functional state in hyperthermia | Fiziol Cheloveka | 9567480 |
| 1999 | Belozertseva IV | Regulation of the mouse aggressive behavior (pharmacologic analysis of the GABAergic mechanism) | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 10570533 |
| 1999 | Lapin IP | A decreased frequency of peeking out from the dark compartment–the only constant index of the effect of anxiogens on the behavior of mice in a "light-darkness" chamber | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 10420565 |
| 1999 | Tarakanov IA | Sensitivity of the respiratory system to lung mechanoreceptor impulses during GABAergic system activation | Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny | 10225094 |
| 2000 | Belozertseva IV | The effect of GABA-positive agents on the formation of morphine dependence and on the manifestations of a withdrawal syndrome | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 10763104 |
| 2001 | Talalaenko AN | Neurochemical characteristics of the ventromedial hypothalamus and anti-aversive effects of anxiolytic agents in various anxiety models | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 11763535 |
| 2001 | Talalaenko AN | Monoamine, GABA, and glutamergic mechanisms of the anterior hypothalamus in anti-aversive effects of sedative and selective drugs in various models of anxiety | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 11548441 |
| 2002 | Talalaenko AN | Monoaminergic and aminoacidergic mechanisms of the posterior hypothalamus in realization of the antiaversive effects of anxiosedative and anxioselective agents in various anxiety models | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 12596508 |
| 2002 | Tiurenkov IN | Anti-arrhythmic properties of GABA and GABA-ergic system activators | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 12025796 |
| 2003 | Smirnov AV | Cardiac effects of fenibut in development of experimental chronic renal insufficiency | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 14558346 |
| 2005 | Zykov VP | Autonomic cardiovascular regulation in patients with tics and Tourette syndrome | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 16252383 |
| 2005 | Talaenko AN | Neurochemical mechanisms of dorsal pallidum in antiadverse effects of anxiolytics of different models of anxiety | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 16206621 |
| 2005 | Tiurenkov IN | Effect of phenibut on the behavior of experimental animals under conditions of voluntary chronic alcoholism | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 16047680 |
| 2005 | Shul'gina GI | Effect of the GABA derivative phenibut on learning | Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk | 15776965 |
| 2006 | Ziablitseva EA | Peculiarities of nootropic effect of phenibut | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 17069064 |
| 2006 | Perfilova VN | Cardioprotective effect of GABA derivatives in acute alcohol intoxication | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 16995433 |
| 2006 | Tiurenkov IN | Comparative evaluation of the neuroprotective activity of phenibut and piracetam under experimental cerebral ischemia conditions in rats | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 16878492 |
| 2006 | Ziablintseva EA | The effect of GABA derivative phenibut on defensive conditioning and internal inhibition | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 16756131 |
| 2006 | Tarakanov IA | Effect of phenibut on the respiratory arrest caused by serotonin | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 16579056 |
| 2006 | Talalaenko AN | Neurochemical features of the ventral pallidum in realization of the antiaversive effects of anxiolytics in different models of anxiety | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 16579051 |
| 2007 | Perfilova VN | Correction of cardiotoxic effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication by GABA-ergic compounds | Kardiologiia | 18260875 |
| 2007 | Perfilova VN | Effect of citrocard on functional reserves of the heart under conditions of chronic stress | Bull Exp Biol Med | 18256742 |
| 2007 | Ziablitseva EA | Effect of GABA receptor agonist phenibut on behavior and respiration of rabbits in the negative emotional situation | Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti | 17944107 |
| 2009 | Kuchkarov UI | Efficiency of noophen in heroin addiction | Lik Sprava | 20455452 |
| 2009 | Voronina TA | Nootropic and antiamnestic effects of tenoten (pediatric formulation) in immature rat pups | Bull Exp Biol Med | 20396730 |
| 2009 | Tyurenkov IN | Comparative study of immunocorrective activity of phenibut and its organic salts in experimental immunodeficiency | Bull Exp Biol Med | 19907750 |
| 2009 | Ziablintseva EA | Influence of GABA agonist phenibut on the neuronal activity and interaction in hippocampus and neocortex in emotionally negative situations | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 19899708 |
| 2009 | Likhodeev VA | Effects of aminalon, fenibut, and picamilon on the typological parameters of cerebral hemodynamics in swimmers with dysadaptation syndrome | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 19803364 |
| 2009 | Borodkina LE | Effect of phenibut on the content of monoamines, their metabolites, and neurotransmitter amino acids in rat brain structures | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 19334514 |
| 2009 | Borodkina LE | Effect of phenibut on interhemispheric transmission in the rat brain | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 19334513 |
| 2010 | Pavlova IV | Interhemisphere asymmetry of hippocampus and neocortex in correlates of active and passive behavioural strategy in negative emotional situations | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 21473104 |
| 2010 | Tiurenkov IN | Comparative study of immunomodulating properties of phenibut and gammoxin | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 21395013 |
| 2010 | Likhodeeva VA | Effects of phenibut on parameters of cerebral hemodynamics in swimmers with dysadaptation syndrome and various types of systemic hemodynamics | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 20919550 |
| 2010 | Samotrueva MA | Immune-regulating effect of phenibut under lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress conditions | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 20597368 |
| 2010 | Samotrueva MA | Changes in the psycho-emotional state under conditions of suppressed immunogenesis, the correction of the disorders with GABA-positive means | Sechenov Russian Physiological Journal | 20432718 |
| 2011 | Samotrueva MA | Influence of GABA derivatives on some indices of lipid peroxidation in immunocompetent organs under experimental immunopathology conditions | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 22232912 |
| 2011 | Zhezlova AV | Bioequivalence of anvifen and phenibut | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 21809698 |
| 2011 | Tiurenkov IN | Psychotropic effect of phenibut salts and their compositions with organic acids | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 21476277 |
| 2012 | Tiurenkov IN | Fenibut and its citrate prevent psychoneurological disorders caused by chronic stress (paradoxical sleep deprivation) | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 22891435 |
| 2012 | Tiurenkov IN | Effect of phenibut and its composition with nicotinic acid on hemostasis in rats with brain ischemia | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 22702103 |
| 2012 | Perfilova VN | Effect of new phenibut salts on psychic and physical development of posterity in rats with experimental gestosis | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 22679748 |
| 2013 | Volotova EV | Comparative analysis of action of beta-phenyl derivatives of glutamic and gamma-aminobutyric acid on cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular endothelium after irreversible occlusion of the common carotid artery | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 24003482 |
| 2013 | Tiurenkov IN | Hepatoduodenal circulation and excretion of the new GABA derivative citrocard | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 23767103 |
| 2014 | Tiurenkov IN | Gravidaprotective action of phenibut in experimental pre-eclampsia | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 25668940 |
| 2014 | Surushkina SY | Comorbidity of tics and stuttering | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 25591517 |
| 2014 | Zavadenko NN | The results of the pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: evaluation with neuropsychological methods | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 25403296 |
| 2014 | Perfilova VN | Cardioprotective properties of new glutamic acid derivative under stress conditions | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 25365864 |
| 2014 | Chutko LS | Cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with protracted anxiety-phobic disorders | Ter Arkh | 25804042 |
| 2014 | Chutko LS | Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 25726788 |
| 2015 | Knyazkova II | The correction with noophen of autonomic dysfunction in young men with hypertension | Lik Sprava | 27491166 |
| 2015 | Tikhomirova LN | The role of opioidergic and GABAergic systems in the mechanosensitivity regulation of the respiratory system in rats | Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter | 27116874 |
| 2015 | Zhivolupov SA | Neurogenic copulative dysfunction in men: theoretical aspects, differential diagnosis, and rational therapy | Ter Arkh | 26155622 |
| 2015 | Ivanov IV | Individual approach to the use of medications to normalize situational anxiety under the psycho-emotional stress | Aviakosm Ekolog Med | 26087584 |
| 2015 | Otellin VA | The effect of perinatal hypoxia on the structure of blood-brain barrier in rats treated with salifen | Morfologiia | 27141582 |
| 2015 | Tyurenkov IN | No-dependent mechanism of the cardioprotective action of phenibut on stress-induced violation of contractile function of the heart | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 27017698 |
| 2015 | Maximova MY | Emotional and personality disorders in atypical facial pain | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 26978495 |
| 2016 | Volotova EV | Neuroprotective action of phenibut and neuroglutam in experimental cerebral ischemia on the background of altered immunoreactivity | Eksperimental’naya i Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya | 29949699 |
| 2016 | Chutko LS | Anxiety and fear in children and adolescents | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 27042718 |
| 2016 | Duma SN | Diagnosis and treatment of psychogenic dizziness in patients with arterial hypertension | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 27029450 |
| 2016 | Esin OR | Tension type headache: GABA-ergic drug anvifen efficacy | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 27029449 |
| 2016 | Blachov NY | Optimization of treatment of acute pancreatitis in elderly and senile | Adv Gerontol | 28525701 |
| 2016 | Perfilova VN | Cardioprotective effect of the new derivative of glutamic acid – glufimet in acute immobilization-painful stress in animals of different ages | Adv Gerontol | 28423256 |
| 2016 | Chutko LS | Impulsivity in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 28300808 |
| 2016 | Vorob'eva OV | Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 28300804 |
| 2017 | Vorob'eva OV | Efficacy and safety of noophen in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 29265084 |
| 2017 | Shypilova EM | Preventive treatment of tension headache in children and adolescents | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 28805758 |
| 2017 | Esin RG | Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 28617375 |
| 2017 | Chutko LS | A dyad approach to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 28374698 |
| 2017 | Tyurenkov IN | Protective effects of a new glutamic acid derivative against stress after nNOS blockade | Biomed Khim | 28251951 |
| 2019 | Chutko LS | Cognitive disturbances in children with chronic tics and their treatment | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 31626167 |
| 2020 | Esin RG | Stress-induced disorders | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 32621479 |
| 2020 | Starovoitova MK | Comparative characteristics of enzymatic hydrolysis methods for isolating toxic substances from blood and hair | Sud Med Ekspert | 32597607 |
| 2021 | Esin RG | Failed back surgery syndrome: the role of central sensitization and treatment approaches | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 33834720 |
| 2022 | Esin OR | The effectiveness of short and prolonged course treatment of anxiety with Anvifen | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 36537634 |
| 2022 | Esin OR | Anxiety in children and adolescents with primary headaches: diagnosis and treatment options | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 36170099 |
| 2023 | Vikman PS | Ways to solve the problem of cross-reactions during immunochromatographic examination of biological objects | Sud Med Ekspert | 36719313 |
| 2024 | Tanashyan MM | Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in disorders of cerebral circulation | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 39731380 |
| 2024 | Esin RG | Central sensitization and comorbid disorders in patients with coronary heart disease | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 39072572 |
| 2024 | Esin RG | Effectiveness of Anvifen in the treatment of insomnia in elderly patients | Korsakov Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry | 38465815 |
| 2024 | Akimova VD | Personalized character of toxic effects through mass nonlethal poisoning by phenazepam and other psychoactive substances | Sud Med Ekspert | 38353015 |
What is still out of reach
- The Mehilane, Rago and Allikmets 1990 Tartu monograph.Pharmacology and clinic of phenibut, Tartu State University Press. Not indexed anywhere; held at the University of Tartu. It is the source for the nootropic claim, and WHO could not access it either.
- Sources behind CyberLeninka and eLIBRARY.RU.CAPTCHA- and registration-gated; not reachable by automated retrieval.
- The 1974 registration file.USSR Ministry of Health Order No. 1126, 18 December 1974. Any supporting clinical documentation would sit in ministry archives, if it survives at all.
- Ukrainian, Belarusian and Kazakh clinical literature.Not covered by this query.
- Full text and translation.This index gives English abstract titles. The abstracts are in PubMed; the article bodies remain in Russian.
Exposure or suspected poisoning
In the United States, contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222. Call 911 if a person has collapsed, is having a seizure, has trouble breathing, or cannot be awakened. Nothing on this page is treatment guidance.
Method
Retrieved from PubMed on 1 September 2026 using the query (phenibut OR fenibut OR "aminophenylbutyric acid" OR "phenyl-gamma-aminobutyric") AND russian[language], then de-duplicated and sorted by publication year. The query is linked above and can be re-run by anyone at any time. Records are listed as PubMed indexes them; no title has been paraphrased, and no finding has been summarised beyond the descriptions given in the highlighted tables above.